Vinyl Halides Are Less Reactive Than Alkyl Halides

Aryl halides are less reactive towards nucleophilic substitution reaction as compared to alkyl halides due to resonance stabilization. But how allyl halide is more reactive than alkyl halide. Why aryl halides are less reactive than alkyl halides video lecture from halogen derivatives of alkane chapter of chemistry class 12 subject for all engineering students.

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In general ce c x bonds are strong in alkenyl halides cf.

Vinyl halides are less reactive than alkyl halides.

First the carbon atom in aryl halides is sp 2 hybridized instead of sp 3 hybridized as in alkyl halides. In aryl halides the electron pair of halogen atom is in conjugation with π electrons of benzene ring. In addition the carbon halogen bond is shorter and therefore stronger in aryl halides than in alkyl halides. Pankaj singh chemistry expert explains why aryl halides are less reactive than alkyl halides for nucleophilic substitution.

Whereas in vinyl or aryl the halogen atom is connected to the sp 2 carbon. Aryl halides are much less reactive towards nucleophilic substitution reactions than haloalkanes. The less reactivity of aryl halides can be described as follows. Furthermore double and triple bonded carbons are more strongly electron attracting than saturated sp 3 carbons which is the reason why 1 alkynes and alkenes are stronger acids section 11 8.

Table 4 6 and this property tends to make them less reactive than alkyl halides. The carbon halogen bond is shortened in aryl halides for two reasons. Withdrawal of electrons by benzene and stabilization by resonance. The sp2 hybridised carbon atom with greater s character is more electronegative.

In alkyl halides carbon atom of c x bond is sp3 hybridised while in aryl halides the carbon atom attached to halogen is sp2 hybridised. Second the carbon halogen bond has partial double. Due to resonance c c l bond acquires partial double bond character and becomes shorter and stronger and cannot be easily replaced by nucleophiles. It can hold the electron pair of the bond more tightly than sp3 hybridised carbon atom in alkyl halides with less s character.

Aryl halides are less reactive towards nucleophilic substitution reaction due to several reasons. Following factors are responsible for the low reactivity of aryl halides towards nucl. Halo alkane and haloarene organic chemistry class 12 compounds. I can understand that the reactivity of alkyl halide is more than vinyl and aryl halides because the halogen atom in alkyl halide is connected to the sp 3 carbon.

Whereas alkyl halides undergo nucleophilic substitution easily.

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Explain Why Aryl Halides Are Less Reactive Than Alkyl Halides